194
8018P–AVR–08/10
ATmega169P
19.11 USART Register Description
19.11.1
UDRn – USART I/O Data Register
The USART Transmit Data Buffer Register and USART Receive Data Buffer Registers share the
same I/O address referred to as USART Data Register or UDRn. The Transmit Data Buffer Reg-
ister (TXB) will be the destination for data written to the UDRn Register location. Reading the
UDRn Register location will return the contents of the Receive Data Buffer Register (RXB).
For 5-, 6-, or 7-bit characters the upper unused bits will be ignored by the Transmitter and set to
zero by the Receiver.
The transmit buffer can only be written when the UDREn Flag in the UCSRnA Register is set.
Data written to UDRn when the UDREn Flag is not set, will be ignored by the USART Transmit-
ter. When data is written to the transmit buffer, and the Transmitter is enabled, the Transmitter
will load the data into the Transmit Shift Register when the Shift Register is empty. Then the
data will be serially transmitted on the TxD pin.
The receive buffer consists of a two level FIFO. The FIFO will change its state whenever the
receive buffer is accessed. Due to this behavior of the receive buffer, do not use Read-Modify-
Write instructions (SBI and CBI) on this location. Be careful when using bit test instructions
(SBIC and SBIS), since these also will change the state of the FIFO.
19.11.2
UCSRnA – USART Control and Status Register A
Bit 7 – RXCn: USART Receive Complete n
This flag bit is set when there are unread data in the receive buffer and cleared when the receive
buffer is empty (that is, does not contain any unread data). If the Receiver is disabled, the
receive buffer will be flushed and consequently the RXCn bit will become zero. The RXCn Flag
can be used to generate a Receive Complete interrupt (see description of the RXCIEn bit).
Bit 6 – TXCn: USART Transmit Complete n
This flag bit is set when the entire frame in the Transmit Shift Register has been shifted out and
there are no new data currently present in the transmit buffer (UDRn). The TXC Flag bit is auto-
matically cleared when a transmit complete interrupt is executed, or it can be cleared by writing
a one to its bit location. The TXC Flag can generate a Transmit Complete interrupt (see descrip-
tion of the TXCIE bit).
Bit 5 – UDREn: USART Data Register Empty n
The UDREn Flag indicates if the transmit buffer (UDRn) is ready to receive new data. If UDREn
is one, the buffer is empty, and therefore ready to be written. The UDREn Flag can generate a
Data Register Empty interrupt (see description of the UDRIEn bit).
Bit
7
6543
210
(0xC6)
RXB[7:0]
UDRn (Read)
TXB[7:0]
UDRn (Write)
Read/Write
R/W
Initial Value
0
0000
000
Bit
765
432
10
(0xC0)
RXCn
TXCn
UDREn
FEn
DORn
UPEn
U2Xn
MPCMn
UCSRnA
Read/Write
R
R/W
R
R/W
Initial Value
0
1
0
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